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Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) is a modern linguistic category applied to the language used in a class of Indian Buddhist texts, such as the Perfection of Wisdom sutras. BHS is classified as a Middle Indo-Aryan language. It is sometimes called "Buddhist Sanskrit" or "Mixed Sanskrit". ==Origin== Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit writings emerged after the codification in the 4th century BCE of Classical Sanskrit by the scholar Pāṇini. His standardized version of the language that had evolved from the ancient Vedic came to be known as "Sanskrit", meaning "refined", "completely formed", "put together", or "constructed". Prior to this, Buddhist teachings are not known to have generally been recorded in the language of the Brahmanical elites. At the time of the Buddha, instruction in this language was restricted to members of the dvija castes.〔Hazra, Kanai Lal. ''Pāli Language and Literature; a systematic survey and historical study.'' D.K. Printworld Ltd., New Delhi, 1994, page 12.〕 While Gautama Buddha was probably familiar with what is now called Sanskrit, his teachings were apparently first promulgated in local languages. At one point he ruled against translating his teachings into Vedic, saying that to do so would be foolish—Vedic was by that time an archaic and obsolete language.〔Hazra, page 5.〕 After Pāṇini's work, Sanskrit became the pre-eminent language for literature and philosophy in India. Buddhist monks began to adapt the language they used to it while remaining under the influence of a linguistic tradition stemming from the proto-canonical Prakrit of the early oral tradition.〔Edgerton, Franklin. ''The Prakrit Underlying Buddhistic Hybrid Sanskrit.'' Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, Vol. 8, No. 2/3, page 503.〕 While there are widely differing theories regarding the relationship of this language to Pali, it is certain that Pāli is much closer to this language than Sanskrit is.〔Edgerton, Franklin. ''The Prakrit Underlying Buddhistic Hybrid Sanskrit.'' Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, Vol. 8, No. 2/3, page 502. "Pāli is itself a middle-Indic dialect, and so resembles the protocanonical Prakrit in phonology and morphology much more closely than Sanskrit."〕〔Hazra, pages 15, 19, 20.〕 According to K. R. Norman, Pāli could also be considered a form of BHS.〔''Jagajjyoti'', Buddha Jayanti Annual, 1984, page 4, reprinted in K. R. Norman, ''Collected Papers'', volume III, 1992, Pāli Text Society, page 37〕 However, Franklin Edgerton states that Pāli is in essence a Prakrit.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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